Reggae Music

Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s.While sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to most types of Jamaican music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that originated following on the development of ska and rocksteady. Reggae is based on a rhythm style characterized by regular chops on the off-beat, known as the skank.

Reggae is often associated with the Rastafari movement, an influence on many prominent reggae musicians from its inception. Reggae song lyrics deal with many subjects, including faith, love, sexuality, relationships, poverty, injustice and other broad social issues.

Origins

The shift from rocksteady to reggae was illustrated by the organ shuffle pioneered by Bunny Lee, and featured in the transitional singles "Say What You're Saying" (1967) by Clancy Eccles, and "People Funny Boy" (1968) by Lee "Scratch" Perry. The Pioneers' 1967 track "Long Shot Bus' Me Bet" has been identified as the earliest recorded example of the new rhythm sound that would soon become known as reggae.
Early 1968 was when the first bona fide reggae records came into being: "Nanny Goat" by Larry Marshall and "No More Heartaches" by The Beltones. Music historian Piero Scaruffi credits American artist Johnny Nash's 1968 hit "Hold Me Tight" with first putting reggae on the American listener charts.
The Wailers, started by Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Bunny Wailer in 1963, are generally agreed to be the most easily recognised group worldwide that made the transition through all three stages — from ska hits like "Simmer Down", through slower rocksteady; and they are also among the significant pioneers who can be called the roots of reggae — along with Prince Buster, Desmond Dekker, Jackie Mittoo and several others. Some of the many notable Jamaican producers who were highly influential in the development of ska into rocksteady and reggae in the 1960s include Coxsone Dodd, Lee "Scratch" Perry, Leslie Kong, Duke Reid, Joe Gibbs and King Tubby.

Among these early producers was Chris Blackwell, who founded Island Records in Jamaica in 1959, then relocated to England in 1962, where he continued to promote Jamaican music. He formed a partnership with Trojan Records, founded by Lee Gopthal in 1968, which lasted until 1972. Trojan continued to produce reggae artists in the UK until 1974, when it was bought by Saga.

1970s and 1980s

The 1972 film The Harder They Come, starring Jimmy Cliff, generated considerable interest and popularity for reggae music in the United States, and Eric Clapton's 1974 cover of the Bob Marley song "I Shot the Sheriff" is thought to signify reggae's acceptance as a global phenomenon by the "white rock world". By the mid 1970s, reggae was getting radio play in the UK on John Peel's radio show, and Peel continued to play much reggae during his career. What is called the first "Golden Age of Reggae" corresponds roughly to the heyday of roots reggae.
In the second half of the 1970s, the UK punk rock scene was starting to take off, and some punk DJs played reggae records during their DJ sets. Some punk bands, such as The Clash, The Slits, and The Ruts, incorporated reggae influences into their music. At the same time, reggae began to enjoy a revival in the UK that continued into the 1980s, exemplified by groups like Steel Pulse, Aswad, UB40, and Musical Youth. Other artists who enjoyed international appeal in the early 1980s include Third World, Black Uhuru and Sugar Minott.
The Grammy Awards introduced the Best Reggae Album category in 1985, which was won that year by Black Uhuru's Anthem LP. Winners for subsequent years have included albums by Jimmy Cliff, Steel Pulse, Peter Tosh, Ziggy Marley (four times), Bunny Wailer (three times), Shabba Ranks (twice), Inner Circle, Shaggy, Sly and Robbie, Beenie Man, Damian Marley (twice), Lee "Scratch" Perry, Sean Paul, Stephen Marley, and Toots and the Maytals.

Robert "Bob" Nesta Marley (February 6, 1945 – May 11, 1981) was a Jamaican musician, singer-songwriter and Rastafarian. He was the lead singer, songwriter and guitarist for the ska, rocksteady and reggae bands: The Wailers (1964 – 1974) and Bob Marley & the Wailers (1974 – 1981). Marley died nearly thirty years ago, but remains the most widely known and revered performer of reggae music, and is credited for helping spread Jamaican music to the worldwide audience.

Marley's best known hits include "I Shot the Sheriff", "No Woman, No Cry", "Exodus", "Could You Be Loved", "Stir It Up", "Jamming", "Redemption Song", "One Love" and, together with The Wailers, ""Three Little Birds", as well as the posthumous releases "Buffalo Soldier" and "Iron Lion Zion". The compilation album, Legend, released in 1984, three years after his death, is the best-selling reggae album ever (10 times platinum), with sales of more than 12 million copies.

King Bob ^^

...Tokio Hotel...

"they are a german band, with an increasing popularity this days"

Starting Point

Twins Bill Kaulitz and Tom Kaulitz (born ten minutes before his brother)(in the picture: tom, left, an bill, right) had been performing since the age of 9. After putting on a show in their hometown of Magdeburg in 2001, Bill and Tom met Gustav Schäfer and Georg Listing. Their similar taste in music led to the creation of the band 'Devilish'. In 2003, the group was approached by music producer Peter Hoffmann and were soon after signed with Universal Music Domestic Division in Hamburg. They were then known as 'Tokio Hotel' (Significance: 'Tokio' for the lively and engaging city of Tokyo and 'Hotel' for the band's constant touring around the country). Assisted by professionals, Bill co-wrote the majority of the songs on their album, Schrei (Scream).

Career

The music video of their debut single "Durch den Monsun" (Through the Monsoon) has been playing on German television since July of 2005. The band quickly gained a multitude of fans after its release. The single appeared on the German music charts at #15 on August 20th and reached #1 on August 26th. It also climbed to #1 on the Austrian music charts. Second video was "Schrei"...This video also climbed to #1 all over Europe.They released their album Schrei in September of 2005. In early 2006, their third music video "Rette Mich" (Save Me) was released. This version of the song was different from the original version on their first album because of Bill's now propubescent voice and some instrumental differences. "Rette Mich" made it to the #1 spot as well. The rerelease of their first album was initiated by Bill's voice change and was released with three new songs ("Schwarz (Black), "Beichte" (Confession) and "Thema nr. 1" (Topic #1) in March 2006 titled Schrei: So Laut Du Kannst (Schrei - Noch Lauter Edition) (Scream: As Loud As You Can (Scream - Even Louder Edition)). In September 2006 they released their fourth and last single from their album Schrei: "Der Letzte Tag" (The Last Day). This song also made it into the number one position. The video for "Der Letzte Tag" also includes a bonus track called "Wir Schliessen Uns Ein" (We Lock Ourselves Away).

Popularity, controversy, and criticism

Tokio Hotel is largely popular among teenage girls, of whom most are drawn by the sex appeal of the lead singer of the band, Bill Kaulitz and his twin brother Tom. There has been controversy about Bill's androgynous look (long unconventional dyed hairstyle, black nail polish, unconventional wardrobe), in spite of the fact that the young Kaulitz has made it clear that he is simply an artist expressing himself through his music as well as through his choice of clothing. There has also been controversy about Bill and Tom's weight and concern that their 'unhealthy' underweightness might cause complications for themselves as well as send a bad message to their fans. Furthermore, the band members have been criticized for being 'too young and immature' and for having their music composed and arranged by their production company for them.It is also said that Bill Kaulitz copied his hair style from Japanese singer Miyavi and band style from HIM.

To me they are one of the most important bands in my life, their song are facinating, glamorous, performances in live are terrific, the twins are really different but similar, they know how to rock, not talking justa about the music, talking about the fan's hearts too. When somebody first look at them, they apereance, think that they are really cold, but the are just the oposite.

"The best birthday present I ever got was 10 minutes after I was born", this words were said by Tom Kaulitz, the oldest brother, they are really charming when they want, specially Tom, because Bill is always charming.

"wir haben nicht falsch gemacht, die ganzen Zeit gedacht"

Hisory of Barcelona

I`m going to write about the place that I most like: Barcelona. I really want to travel there because I think that it`s a very beautiful place and if I had the chance I would go there with one of my best friends, Melissa, because she also like this place.


Barcelona’s origins go back more than 2,500 years when Phoenicians and Carthaginians settled in the area and chose to have a commercial port. The name of Carthaginian ruler Amilcar Barca is often referred to as the origin of the name Barcino, later used by the Romans. The Carthaginians were replaced by the Romans in the 1st century B.C. who preferred Tarraco (modern day Tarragona) as their regional capital. Barcelona has several surviving monuments from this period, concentrated around the Plaça Sant Jaume and the gothic quarter. During the third century AD Barcino replaced Tarraco in importance and became the major Roman outpost in the area of Hispania Citerior; the Roman walls, still visible as part of later buildings in the Gothic quarter, were reinforced in this period to repel the frankish and german invasions. With the disintegration of the Roman Empire came the invasion of the Visigoths who occupied Barcino in 415 A.D. and renamed the city Barcinona. Three hundred years later at the beginning of the 8th century the moors conquered Barcelona during their drive from northern Africa to the south of France. Only one hundred years later, the Franks led by Louis the Pious occupied Barcelona and established a strong military presence in what became known as the Spanish Mark, the front line of a constant battle between the Christian kingdoms of the North with the Arabs. This conflict eventually evolved into what became known as the Reconquest.The Carolingian Empire established a number of Counties and the most important of these was that of Barcelona. The origins of the Catalan nation are to be found in Wilfred the Hairy, Count of Barcelona who established a hereditary system of succesion. Before his death in the year 898 he managed to unify the county of Barcelona with the rest of the Carolingian territories . In the year 988 Count Borrell II achieved independence from the Carolingian kings for the County of Barcelona and became the dominant political and military force in the region later known as Catalonia.


I hope you like my post, and the place, of course. Mari Lesjak

JACK JOHNSON

Jack Hody Johnson was born in May 18, 1975 near Haleiwa, on the North Shore of Oahu, Hawaii. Musican, singer, songwriter and surfer. His success started in 2001 with his debut album Brushfire Fairytales. His music is best described as acoustic/soft rock.

Jack Johnson son of one of the most famous surfers in the island, Jeff Johnson, naturally started surfing at a young age, having practically learned to surf at the same time qe leraned to walk, the man has grown up on his board. At the age 9, he won a surf even and scored a sponsorship with Quiksilver and who seemed to be the start of a professional route. Jack started surfing the universally revered Pipeline at the age 10. By 17, he made the finals at the Pipe trials, becoming the youngest person ever to be at th most prestigious surfing event: Pipeline Masters. Unfortunately, Jack suffered a near death experience at age 17 after crashing his body into the reef during the Pipeline Masters.

After his accident, while recovering, he get interested in filmmaking and soon became a surf film director, photographer, producer and score composer. He recived a praise for his surf cinema ducumentary, Thicker Than Water (1999) wich won the Surfer Magazine Poll award for best film of the year.

Jack Johnson also began writing songs during his college years, having played the guitar since 14 and being brought up with influences such as Nick Drake, Ben Harper, the Beatles, Bob Marley, Neil Young, Bob Dylan, and A Tribe Called Quest.

One day, inpiration arrived and Jack ended the day recodring "Rodeo Clowns", it became the first single from the album. His four-track demo caught Ben Haprer's ; J.P Plunier, who worked with Jack on his debut album Brushfire Fairytales. Since then he hasn't stop.

Personally I think that the best album is "In Between Dreams". In this album is the song Sitting, waiting, wishing. That is one of the most beautiful song ever :)

Nowadays he has 4 albums :

- Brushfire Fairytales (2001)

-On & On (2003)

- In Between Dreams (2005)

-Sleep Through The Static (2008)

--> this is a Pipeline

Marina Porcel :)

hawaii by brenleutgeb

Here is some information about the history of hawaii because is a place that i like very much. i wish i go some day.

Hawaii's history in story and legend is ancient and proud, dating back at least a thousand years before American colonies became a nation in 1776. It is highly unlikely that the exact date when Polynesian people first set foot on these previously uninhabited islands will ever be known, nor much details about events occurring between that date and the first contact with Europeans.
The Hawaiians were a people without writing, who preserved their history in chants and legends. Much of the early history has disappeared with the death of the kahunas and other learned men whose function it was to pass on this knowledge, by means of chants and legends, to succeeding generations.
Modern Hawaiian history begins on January 20, 1778, when Captain James Cook's expedition made its first contact with the Hawaiian people on the islands of Kauai and Niihau. Captain Cook was not the first man to "discover" the Hawaiian Islands. He was the first known European to arrive.
The language of Hawaii and archaeological discoveries indicate that Hawaii was settled by two distinct waves of Polynesian migration. Cook himself knew that the original Polynesian discoverers had come from the South Pacific hundreds of years before his time. First, from the Marquesas, came a settlement as early as 600 or 700 AD, and then from the Society Islands, another migration about 1100 AD. Lacking instruments of navigation or charts or any kind, the Polynesians sailed into vast oceans. They staked their knowledge of the sky and its stars, the sea and its currents, the flight of birds and many other natural signs. They were superior seamen of their time.


brenleutgeb :D

History of Snowboarding

Hi!!! I hope you are having a good holiday. I go to Catedral everyday to snowboarding and I have fun with my frineds. I think that Snowboard is one of the best sports so I'm going to tell you the history of this Sport.

Snowboarding was invented only about 35 years ago. In 1963 a man named Tom Sims made a snowboard out of plywood. He was in eighth grade and he did this in his shop class. He called it a ski board. He later formed a company that makes many snowboards.
Another snowboard inventor is Sherman Poppen. In 1965 Poppen designed a snowboard called a snurfer. To make it Sherman had bolted two skis together. He attached a rope to help the rider keep his balance and steer.
In 1979 Jake Burton Carpenter started making snowboards out of fiberglass. He also added bindings to help control the board easier. In the 1980's they started adding steel edges to the sides of the snowboard. They also invented bindings with high backs to help control when snowboarding on hard packed snow.
Snowboarding becomes more popular every year. At first a lot of ski resorts would not let snowboarders use their slopes. Now there are only a few that won't let snowboarders in. In 1996 there were about two million snowboarders. By the year 2000 there will be about 4 million people who snowboard and I think that now there are more than 4 million.

If you have the opportunity, please try it... is very fun!

Bye!

the beatles (the best :P)

the beatles :)

The beatles

The Beatles (1960-1970), were an English musical group from Liverpool, and are usually regarded as the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful popular music artists in history.The innovative music and style of John Lennon (1940–1980), Paul McCartney (1942—), George Harrison (1943–2001), and Ringo Starr (1940—) helped to define the 1960s.The Beatles were the best-selling popular musical act of the 20th century. In the United Kingdom alone, they released more than 40 different singles and albums.The Beatles' impact extended well beyond their music. Their clothes, hairstyles, and statements made them trend-setters from the 1960s to this day.The Beatles appeared in several films, most of which were very well received.
I like very much this band beacause is very funny and they've written beatifulls songs like "let it be" , "something" , "yesterday" and more..

A little bit of Fito's life- Free post- by nacho

Rodolfo "Fito" Páez Ávalos, was born in March 13, 1963 in Rosario, Santa Fe Province. He is an popular Argentine rock and roll pianist, lyricist, Spanish language singer and film director.

He formed "Staff", his first band when he was 13. In 1977, he played in "El Banquete" with Rubén Goldín and Jorge Llonch. He began to appear solo in pubs the following year.

Straight out of high school, he began touring with several bands and soon after that he produced his first solo album, "Del '63", which was released in 1984. The disc won him critical acclaim as a songwriter and helped lead to future projects, including a 1985 album, "Giros".

The demo of that album earned him the praise of Luis Alberto Spinetta, as well as a partnership -- Paez's next album, 1986's "La La La" was a duet with Spinetta. The duo supported that album with a tour that reached all the way to Santiago, Chile. The same year, he participated in the Thousand Days of Democracy festival with Spinetta, Juan Carlos Baglietto, Silvina Garré and Antonio Tarragó Ros.

His 1987 recording, "Ciudad de Pobres Corazones", marked a dark turn for his work. It was dedicated to the memory of his aunt and grandmother, who were murdered in Rosario. The album was made with anger, but it was also more rhythmic and showed greater songwriting depth than his previous recordings.

After serveral albums like "Ey!", which was released in 1988 and "Tercer Mundo"(1990), "El Amor Después del Amor" in 1992 marked the pinnacle of his commercial success. The album sold more than 750,000 copies and when Paez toured to support it, he found himself playing to sold-out shows for 40,000 people. Shortly after its release, he played a benefit concert for UNICEF which raised more than $420,000.

The follow-up, "Circo Beat", had impossibly high expectations and though it had several hit songs, including "Mariposa Tecknicolor" and "Tema de Piluso," as well as a companion album, "Circo Beat Brazil", which featured Brazilian remixes of its hits, it only sold around 350,000 copies.

Several other projects were completed in the late '90s, including a live album, "Euforia" and 1998's "Sabina & Paez: Enemigos Intimos", with Joaquín Sabina. The year 1999 brought another balanced, superbly produced album, "Abre". He also took home two Grammys at the first annual Latin Grammy Award in fall 2000.

Paez' 2003 album "Naturaleza sangre" marks a return to his musical past, featuring appearances from Charly García, Luis Alberto Spinetta and Brazilian artist Rita Lee on the previously unreleased version of "Ojos Rojos".

The album "El Mundo Cabe en una Canción" won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Rock Solo Vocal Album at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2007.

In 2007 he released his newest album called "Rodolfo", he recorded it at home with nothing else that his voice and his piano.

He also has directed film productions such as "Vidas privadas"(2001), "¿De quién es el portaligas?"(2007)


By Nacho